| Thurstone, 1931, Fig. 20. Seriousness of delinquencies. |
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Differential Test Functioning (DTF) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) were investigated by Louis L. Thurstone using Case 5 of his "Law of Comparative Judgment" which is based on "discriminal differences" (Psychological Review, 1927, 34, 273-286).
240 children in Mendota, Illinois, were each asked to compare pairs of 13 delinquent activities and indicate which should be punished more severely. About a week later, they were shown a movie about the life of a gambler and then instructed to do their comparisons again. The results are shown here from "Influence of motion pictures on children's attitudes" (Journal of Social Psychology, 1931, 2, 291-305).
Thurstone's sample exhibited DTF. The spread of scale values on the second occasion was .95 of the first. This was attributed to increased boredom or indifference on the second occasion. Accordingly, in the Figure, Thurstone inflated the scale values for the second occasion by 1.05. "Gambler" exhibits noticeable DIF. The movie about the gambling lifestyle affected attitudes, at least that day.
Thurstone published the data for his analysis. This was reanalyzed with a Bradley-Terry (Rasch) model using Facets. The plot below (with 1 logit = 0.54 Thurstone units) shows the collinearity of scale values. The placement of the black triangles above the dotted trend line indicates the slight non-linearity of Thurstone "Before" relative to Rasch "Before" values. The "After" values are not adjusted for DTF so their narrower range is evident. Thurstone and Rasch coincide in their placement of "Gambler" in the "After" analyses. Rasch standard errors are about .05 units, so a DIF study shows the shift in "Gambler" to be highly significant. "Gangster" and "Beggar" show noticeable misfit "Before". None misfit "After".
John M. Linacre
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Thurstone Case 5, Rasch, DTF and DIF. Thurstone LL, Linacre JM. … 16:3 p.892
Thurstone Case 5, Rasch, DTF and DIF. Thurstone LL, Linacre JM. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2002, 16:3 p.892
| Rasch Publications | ||
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| Rasch Measurement Transactions (free, online) | Rasch Measurement research papers (free, online) | Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch |
| Applying the Rasch Model 2nd. Ed., Bond & Fox | Best Test Design, Wright & Stone | Rating Scale Analysis, Wright & Masters |
| Introduction to Rasch Measurement, E. Smith & R. Smith | Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, Thomas Eckes | Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, George Engelhard, Jr. |
| Statistical Analyses for Language Testers, Rita Green | Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar | Journal of Applied Measurement |
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| Coming Rasch-related Events | |
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| May 15-17, 2013, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| May 20-22, 2013, Mon.-Wed. | In-person workshop: Intermediate Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| May 31 - June 28, 2013, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Practical Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com |
| June 7, 2013, Fri. | SPHERE workshop: Response-Shift and subjective measures in health science, Nantes, France, www.sphere-nantes.fr/ |
| June 19-21, 2013, Wed.-Fri. | SIS 2013 Conference on Advances in Latent Variables: Methods, Models and Applications, Brescia, Italy, meetings.sis-statistica.org/index.php/sis2013/ALV |
| July 1 - Nov. 30, 2013, Mon.-Sun. | Online Course: Introduction to Rasch Measurement Theory (D. Andrich, RUMM), uwa.edu.au |
| July 5 - Aug. 2, 2013, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Practical Rasch Measurement - Further Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com |
| Aug.1-5, 2013, Thur.-Mon. | TERA-PROMS Annual Meeting, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, tera.education.nsysu.edu.tw |
| Aug. 9 - Sept. 6, 2013, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (E. Smith, Facets), www.statistics.com |
| Aug. 22, 2013, Thursday. | Symposium in honor of Svend Kreiner, Copenhagen, Denmark, biostat.ku.dk/kreinersymposium |
| Sept. 4-6, 2013, Wed.-Fri. | IMEKO TC1-TC7-TC13 Symposium: Measurement Across Physical and Behavioural Sciences, Genoa, Italy, www.imeko-genoa-2013.it |
| Sept. 13 - Oct. 11, 2013, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Rasch Applications in Clinical Assessment, Survey Research, and Educational Measurement (W.P. Fisher), www.statistics.com |
| Sept. 18-20, 2013, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| Sept. 23-25, 2013, Mon.-Wed. | In-person workshop: Intermediate Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| Sept. 26-27, 2013, Thurs.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Advanced Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| Oct. 18 - Nov. 15, 2013, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Practical Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com |
| Oct. 20 - Oct. 25, 2013, Sun.-Fri. | International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) 39th Annual Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, www.iaea-2013.com |
| Dec. 11-13, 2013, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| March 12-14, 2014, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| May 14-16, 2014, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| May 19-21, 2013, Mon.-Wed. | In-person workshop: Intermediate Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| July 4 - Aug. 1, 2014, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Practical Rasch Measurement - Further Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com |
| Aug. 8 - Sept. 5, 2014, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (E. Smith, Facets), www.statistics.com |
| Sept. 10-12, 2014, Wed.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Introductory Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| Sept. 12 - Oct. 10, 2014, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Rasch Applications in Clinical Assessment, Survey Research, and Educational Measurement (W.P. Fisher), www.statistics.com |
| Sept. 15-17, 2014, Mon.-Wed. | In-person workshop: Intermediate Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
| Sept. 18-19, 2014, Thurs.-Fri. | In-person workshop: Advanced Rasch (A. Tennant, RUMM), Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/medicine/rehabmed/psychometric |
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