Early Measurement Methodology

"Little Lewis my son, I have perceived well by certain evidences thy ability to learn sciences touching number and proportions; and as well I consider thy diligent prayer specially to learn the Treatise of the Astrolabe." So begins the first scientific text in the English language, written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1391 A.D. Or rather he wrote:

Litell Lowys my sone, I haue perceiued well by certeyne euidences thine abilite to lerne sciencez touchinge noumbres & proporciouns; & as wel considere I thy bisi preyere in special to lerne the tretis of the astrelabie. (W. Skeat, Ed., London, 1872)

The Astrolabe was a multi-purpose astronomical, astrological and measuring instrument used for about 2,000 years until 1800 A.D. It was the computer of its day, simulating the movement of stars and planets by circles. It provided the altitude and position of the sun and major stars on any given day, past or future. It could also be used to tell the time, find sunrise and sunset times, and estimate the height of buildings. Astrolabes were circular, between 5 and 7 inches in diameter, and deliberately made heavy in order to give them greater stability in operation. The Astrolabe demonstrates how even crude, but carefully thought out, approximations can produce useful guidance for day-to-day activities. The moral for measurement: good enough is good enough!

Tom O'Neill, American Dental Association

Early Measurement Methodology: "Treatise on the Astrolabe" O'Neill, T. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1999, 13:3 p. 712

Rasch Publications
Rasch Measurement Transactions (free, online)	Rasch Measurement research papers (free, online)	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Applying the Rasch Model 3rd. Ed., Bond & Fox	Best Test Design, Wright & Stone
Rating Scale Analysis, Wright & Masters	Introduction to Rasch Measurement, E. Smith & R. Smith	Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, Thomas Eckes	Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, George Engelhard, Jr.	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers, Rita Green
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Journal of Applied Measurement	Rasch models for measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences, Boone, Stave, Yale
in Spanish:	Análisis de Rasch para todos, Agustín Tristán		Mediciones, Posicionamientos y Diagnósticos Competitivos, Juan Ramón Oreja Rodríguez

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