| Conventional Factor Analysis (SPSS, SAS) | Rasch Residual Factor Analysis (Winsteps) | |
|---|---|---|
| Data: | Ordinal observations. | Standardized residuals. |
| Motivation: | To explain the data. | To discover contrasting sub-structures by decomposing the residual variance. |
| Method: | Common factor. | Principal components. |
| Applied to: | Items. | Items or Persons. |
| Interpretation: | Each common factor is one "dimension". | Each principal component is a contrast between "types". Each "type" may be a "dimension". |
| Optimum result: | One huge dimension explains everything. | Small chance-sized contrasts, i.e., no residual sub-structures. |
| Cautionary result: | Many small dimensions indicate construct chaos. | A contrast explaining more variance than the measures indicates construct collision. |
| Cautionary action: | Discard the data as invalid. | Rescore observations, segment items/persons. |
| Rotation: | Yes - to simplify factor interpretation. | No - to preserve absolute contrast sizes. |
| Oblique: | Yes - to optimize commonalities. | No - to preserve contrast uniqueness. |
| Missing data: | Listwise or pairwise deletion. This can distort factor structure. | Imputed as fitting data, i.e., zero residuals. This can attenuate contrasts. |
For more information,
The Impact of Rasch Item Difficulty on Confirmatory Factor Analysis , S.V. Aryadoust … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2009, 23:2 p. 1207
Confirmatory factor analysis vs. Rasch approaches: Differences and Measurement Implications, M.T. Ewing, T. Salzberger, R.R. Sinkovics … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2009, 23:1 p. 1194-5
Conventional factor analysis vs. Rasch residual factor analysis, Wright, B.D. … 2000, 14:2 p. 753.
Rasch Analysis First or Factor Analysis First? Linacre J.M. … 1998, 11:4 p. 603.
Factor analysis and Rasch analysis, Schumacker RE, Linacre JM. … 1996, 9:4 p.470
Too many factors in Factor Analysis? Bond TG. … 1994, 8:1 p.347
Comparing factor analysis and Rasch measurement, Wright BD. … 1994, 8:1 p.350
Factor analysis vs. Rasch analysis of items, Wright BD. … 5:1 p.134
Conventional factor analysis vs. Rasch residual factor analysis. Wright, B.D. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2000, 14:2 p. 753.
| Rasch Publications | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rasch Measurement Transactions (free, online) | Rasch Measurement research papers (free, online) | Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch | Applying the Rasch Model 3rd. Ed., Bond & Fox | Best Test Design, Wright & Stone |
| Rating Scale Analysis, Wright & Masters | Introduction to Rasch Measurement, E. Smith & R. Smith | Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, Thomas Eckes | Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, George Engelhard, Jr. | Statistical Analyses for Language Testers, Rita Green |
| Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar | Journal of Applied Measurement | Rasch models for measurement, David Andrich | Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson | Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences, Boone, Stave, Yale |
| in Spanish: | Análisis de Rasch para todos, Agustín Tristán | Mediciones, Posicionamientos y Diagnósticos Competitivos, Juan Ramón Oreja Rodríguez | ||
| Forum | Rasch Measurement Forum to discuss any Rasch-related topic |
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| Coming Rasch-related Events | |
|---|---|
| Jan. 25 - March 8, 2023, Wed..-Wed. | On-line course: Introductory Rasch Analysis (M. Horton, RUMM2030), medicinehealth.leeds.ac.uk |
| Apr. 11-12, 2023, Tue.-Wed. | International Objective Measurement Workshop (IOMW) 2023, Chicago, IL. iomw.net |
| June 23 - July 21, 2023, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Practical Rasch Measurement - Further Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com |
| Aug. 11 - Sept. 8, 2023, Fri.-Fri. | On-line workshop: Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (E. Smith, Facets), www.statistics.com |
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