Hypothesis Testing
"Rejection of a true null hypothesis at the 0.05 level will
occur only one in 20 times. The overwhelming majority of these
false rejections will be based on test statistics close to the
borderline value. If the null hypothesis is false, the inter-ocular
traumatic test ["hit between the eyes"] will often suffice to reject it; calculation
will serve only to verify clear intuition."
W. Edwards, Harold Lindman, Leonard J. Savage (1962) Bayesian
Statistical Inference for Psychological Research. University of
Michigan. Institute of Science and Technology.
The "inter-ocular traumatic test", IOTT, is attributed to Joseph Berkson, who also advocated logistic models.
1. Not required to have the same number of items at each difficulty level.
2. Permissible to omit items of any difficulty without affecting the subject's measure.
3. Item formats can include dichotomies and those that give a variable score, such as time in seconds or number of right answers or number of errors.
4. The range of item difficulty administered to the subject does not affect the subject's measure.
5. A measure can be determined for each subject, so that performances can be compared.
6. Arithmetical labor in determining subject measures is minimal. [With KeyMath, do it by eye!]
7. No imputation of responses to omitted items.
Paraphrased from L.L. Thurstone, The Scoring of Individual Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1926, 17, 446-57.
Notes and Quotes. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1989, 3:2 pp.53
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Rasch Measurement Transactions (free, online) | Rasch Measurement research papers (free, online) | Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch | Applying the Rasch Model 3rd. Ed., Bond & Fox | Best Test Design, Wright & Stone |
Rating Scale Analysis, Wright & Masters | Introduction to Rasch Measurement, E. Smith & R. Smith | Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, Thomas Eckes | Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, George Engelhard, Jr. | Statistical Analyses for Language Testers, Rita Green |
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar | Journal of Applied Measurement | Rasch models for measurement, David Andrich | Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson | Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences, Boone, Stave, Yale |
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