Survey Analysis and Rasch

The Michigan Department of Education and Employability Skills Task Force distribute a survey designed to identify the critical skills, behaviors and attitudes employers want in employees. Respondents rate 86 items as critical, highly needed, somewhat needed or not needed. In 1989, Michigan public school principals asked elementary and secondary teachers to fill out this survey.

Conventional survey analysis depends on insupportable assumptions about the numerical values of response categories. An interval scale must be specified on which critical might be valued at, say, 4, highly needed at 3, somewhat needed at 2, and not needed at 1. But there is no objective basis for assigning or means of confirming any particular choice of values. Rasch analysis requires only that response categories are coded in a qualitatively increasing order. The working "values" of the responses are estimated from the data. This reflects the views of the survey respondents more accurately than the conventional method.

The Rasch step calibrations for the teachers were:

       STEP TO               SECONDARY  ELEMENTARY
  not needed                    N/A        N/A
  somewhat needed               -.92      -1.03
  highly needed                 -.72       -.47
  critical                      1.64       1.50

This shows that these teachers regarded the steps from not needed to somewhat needed and from somewhat needed to highly needed as closer in value than the final step to critical. The region along the continuum in which the response somewhat needed stood out was so brief that little information was conveyed by the use of that category. In general, skills were either not needed, highly needed, or critical.

Conventionally, misfitting items are those with high raw response standard deviations. Rasch misfitting items are those for which no clear "latent scale" has been manifested. These contrasting types of misfit affected much the same items for secondary school teachers, but totally different items for elementary teachers demonstrating that Rasch misfit is not necessarily identical to conventional misfit. The Rasch analysis provided the more useful interpretation.



Survey Analysis and Rasch, William L. Brown … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1990, 4:2 p.106




Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone
Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen
Rasch Books and Publications: Winsteps and Facets
Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes Rasch Models for Solving Measurement Problems (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine Winsteps Tutorials - free
Facets Tutorials - free
Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan

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