Communicating Measurement

An innovative and powerful way to communicate measurement information is displayed overleaf. It comes from W. Zhu and E.L. Cole, Many-facet Rasch calibration of a gross-motor instrument, to appear in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.

The item map is in the center of the picture (in printed text). There are two content areas in Ulrich's "Test of Gross Motor Development": Objective Control and Locomotor Skill. Within each area there are several strands: Kicking, Bouncing, Throwing, etc. Within each strand there are several test items. For Kicking, they are 1, 2, 3, 4. Each test item is positioned at its logit calibration. There are some easy Kicking, Jumping, Galloping and Running items, but no especially hard ones. (For general use, the logit scale could be linearly transformed into "GroMo" units, with a conversion GroMo = 6*logit + 47. Then the displayed range across the page would be 5 to 95, instead of -7 to +8.)

To use this map as a self-measuring instrument, mark an / or x at each item administered to the child directly onto the item map. (The printed item map shows what happened when a child was administered the whole test: each success is marked with a (), each failure with a ^.) Then draw by eye a vertical line down the map summarizing the child's overall level of performance on the test. (The dotted line shown on the map does this for the example child). A / or x placed far from the vertical line flags an unexpected strength or weakness. (The ^ on Item 2 in Galloping is a conspicuous weakness of the example child).

Extend your vertical line down to meet the familiar ogival test characteristic curve in the bottom panel. This is positioned to align with the measurement scale of the central panel. Now you can read off a predicted raw score on the complete test, even when only a few items have been administered!

Extend your vertical line up to the normative curves in the top panel, which are a series of person maps summarizing the typical range of child performances at each year of age. The vertical line in the picture identifies a 7 year-old performing slightly above average. Note how, in Ulrich's data, the 6 year-olds were more homogeneous than the 5 or 7 year-olds. This reminds us that normative curves are based on samples and so are never completely general "truths".

The symbols in the center panel of the Figure are test items.



Communication measurement. Zhu W. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1995, 9:2 p.437



Rasch Publications
Rasch Measurement Transactions (free, online) Rasch Measurement research papers (free, online) Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch Applying the Rasch Model 3rd. Ed., Bond & Fox Best Test Design, Wright & Stone
Rating Scale Analysis, Wright & Masters Introduction to Rasch Measurement, E. Smith & R. Smith Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement, Thomas Eckes Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, George Engelhard, Jr. Statistical Analyses for Language Testers, Rita Green
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar Journal of Applied Measurement Rasch models for measurement, David Andrich Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences, Boone, Stave, Yale
in Spanish: Análisis de Rasch para todos, Agustín Tristán Mediciones, Posicionamientos y Diagnósticos Competitivos, Juan Ramón Oreja Rodríguez

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